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By David H. Urmann

Sunderbans is one of the most alluring natural reserves in the entire world.It carries in its folds various mysteries and abounds in vegetative and wildlife.It was formerly known as the Sunderbands by the British.

The region is a vast tract of forest and swamp water and stretches from the lower part of the Ganges Estuary to the Meghna River Estuary in Bangladesh.It extends to an area of about 160 kilometers along the Bay of Bengal.Sunderbans are also part of the largest riverine delta formed by three gigantic rivers namely, the Ganga, Brahmaputra and the Meghna respectively.It extends up to nearly 100 kilometers inland.It is very close to Kolkata and has one of the most unique ecosystems in the whole world.

There are two myths related to the nomenclature of the place.According to one, the place draws its name from the Sundari Trees which are in abundance in the forests while others believe that drawing up on the beauty of the jungles, it is called Sunderbans wherein Sunder means Beautiful and Ban means jungle in Bangla.

It is situated at the mouth of the River Gange and is spread on 54 islands and across two countries.It forms the world’s largest delta regions.The wetlands of Sunderbans cover an area of 4262 square kilometers in India.It is home to the world renowned the Royal Bengal Tiger and was adopted for the Project Tiger in 1974.This forest spreads over an area of 2585 square kilometers.The core area of 1330 square kilometers is a National Park and also the UNESCO World Heritage Site.

There is a high level of salinity in the region of Sunderbans.The typical forest comprises of such trees which have adapted to the peculiar estuarine condition of high salinity, soil erosion and the daily barrage of the tidal waves.The tidal forms and the vegetation in the mangroves are responsible for the dynamic eco-system and the nutrient cycling of both the terrestrial as well as aquatic forms.

Both the flora and fauna in the Sunderbans have changed themselves according to the changing conditions of the forests.They have acclimatized accordingly.The habitat is suitable for animals which have adjusted to the tidal swamp area.This has contributed in developing certain unique traits in the animals.One of the best examples of this is the man-eating habit of the Royal Bengal Tiger in the Sunderbans.

This is prevalent here only and around 100-200 people lose their lives each year, falling prey to this wild beast.More commonly, the tigers do not turn man-eaters very frequently but in this jungle, they are born man-eaters.It is said that this is a hereditary trait in these animals.

Apart from this there are several species of animals which inhabit this jungle.Most prominently, Sunderbans is home to Cheetal, Wild Boar, and Monkeys.It is also full of alligators, crabs and fish.The Sunderbans is also the nesting place of the nearly extinct Olive Ridley Turtles, Green Turtles and the Hawk’s Bill Turtles.

The jungles are also a haven for the migratory birds which add to the mystical value of the place.

The forests and waters of the Sunderbans have been home to some ethnic tribes which have survived in the most turbulent times too.They depend on the forest for food, fuel and livelihood.These tribal groups collect honey or the locally available forest produce and try to eke out a living.Some of the tribal groups are dependent on the fishing in the area and try to earn a living out of it.

One of the most unique facts about this region is that it can be accessed only through the waterways.There are several entry points to the National Park but the one most popular one is Port Canning which is connected by the suburban railway from Kolkata.The park can also be entered from Sonakhali or Bagna via Dhamakali.If one is interested in visiting the park from the South 24 Parganas Forest Division, then one needs to get permission which are available at Canning, Sonakhali, Bagna for the Sunderbans Tiger Reserve and Canning, Namkhana and Raidighi for the Western Part of the Sunderbans Forest.

Thus, one can really enjoy the Sunderbans by entering in to its mystical folds, which has so many mysteries of nature hidden in its dense foliage and the dense mangroves.It is a place which weaves its magic up on you slowly but steadily.

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By John Schofield

Perhaps now that you want to build a bigger home or want to improve your present office building, you will surely need somebody to help you do so. For sure, you will need some construction engineers, masons, carpenters, steel workers, and concrete specialists. But probably you do not know that there are some significant people you really need before you require all these people apart from those mentioned, to work on your construction. These people are the piling contractors. So called because of the kind of job they do, piling contractors are the people who are experts in making a building’s foundations, beams, base foundations, and other structures that are required before the structure is set.

Piling jobs are not easy jobs. These are actually groundwork that needs important measurements and calculations by professionals who erect foundations for the whole structure. If piling works are not perfect, any building will likely to collapse once a strong earthquake occurs. That is why it can be very costly to set up quality foundations because you need the best piling contractors for this job. Your property and the lives of the people who will occupy your building are always at stake if you opt for contractors that are not professional.

Maybe as the owner of the building you do not know what piling means in the construction business so as an orientation about piling works better read on this. Piling is a technique that is used by piling contractors in setting up solid foundations for structures such as giant establishments, tall buildings building, tall structures and any building that would be huge in its built. The piling contractors will drive their back hoe and bulldozers into the ground to make large hole for the foundations. Piles of wood will be driven and embedded on some points of the hole to form enclosures for the concrete. This will be followed by the laying of steel and the pouring of concrete to form foundations. This process is called the ‘laying of the foundations’.

It sounds so simple, doesn’t it? But it is not as simple as it seems because before the piling contractors do all those things there are so many factors that they must consider first. They have to calculate the size, capacity and scope of the project before doing anything. They also have to check on the condition of the soil even digging deeply into the soil to know the condition of the ground underneath. They also have to consider the space required for rigging before the piling process starts. Piling contractors always rely on deep foundation and if there is the need for improvement of the present piling, they transfer the load of the structure to the deeper, stronger layer of the ground so that the foundations can have a high bearing capacity and will be very sturdy to carry the load and support the whole structure.

Piling contractors always have the usual materials with them. These are composed of wood, steel, concrete, steel-precast, concreted piles, steel sheet piles, timber piles, columns, and so on. However, not only the piling contractors do all the work. Alongside them are the geotechnical engineers, structural engineers, area contractors, site fitters and foremen. Every one of them including the construction workers will be doing their individual job just to build a strong building. There would be lots of planning, designing, streamlining, digging, piling and everything that is within the construction field. Now that you know what piling contractors do, maybe it’s time to appreciate their contribution to where you are now. Just remember that they keep us safe while we are inside the structures they helped to create.

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